The next presidential election will be held in 2019. The fact that Mauritania’s population is almost completely Muslim makes Arabic the most recognized language in the nation. Some ethnic minorities speak Niger-Congo languages. A number of languages are spoken in Nouakchott including Arabic, French, Hassaniya, and Pulaar. The languages of Mauritania mainly consist of various Afroasiatic languages, including: Zenaga-Berber, Tamasheq-Berber, Hassaaniya Arabic and Standard written Arabic. Today, the population of Nouakchott comprises nearly 20% of Mauritania’s total population of 3.8 million people. Aziz left the military to run for president in 2009, which he won. The major religions are Christianity with Catholics as the most numerous of that faith, and Muslims, most of whom are Sunni.

French is also used due to colonial influence. Mauritania lies across one of the great trans-Saharan trade routes. The Arabic spoken in Mauritania is divided into two types: the modern standard Arabic and Hassaniya Arabic which is the everyday spoken form of the language. Nouakchott is the capital and is located on the Atlantic coast.In 2008, the government was overthrown in a military coup by General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz.

According to Ethnologue, there are approximately three million Hassaniya speakers, distributed as follows: The country's official religion is Islam, with almost the entire population being Sunni Muslims.

The Bedouin people speak Hassniya. The Berber language is divided into Zenaga and Tamasheq which is spoken by the Tuareg living in the South-east region close to the border with Mali. Ethnic violence in Mauritania in 1989 and the expulsion of both Senegalese and black Mauritanians in large numbers which followed, signalled a grave crisis in Senegal-Mauritania relations, and in the ethnic power balance within the country. Language: French (official language) Arabic (Hassaniya dialect) Peul, Soninke and Wolof. The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is in North Africa and borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mali in the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest. The official language of Mauritania is Literary Arabic, also referred to as Modern Standard Arabic.
For over 500 years, to 1674 when the Arabs defeated them, the Almoravid Dynasty controlled the trade in gold, slaves and salt.French domination of the area was established in the late 19th century and until 1960 when Mauritania achieved independence. Arabic is the official language, with French also widely used due to its colonial history. Despite an abundance of natural resources, Mauritania remains poor. French is also widely spoken in mauritania.

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